{"id":3651,"date":"2023-03-03T12:03:17","date_gmt":"2023-03-03T20:03:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/parkingreform.org\/?page_id=3651"},"modified":"2024-01-25T14:14:10","modified_gmt":"2024-01-25T22:14:10","slug":"parking-lot-map","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/parkingreform.org\/resources\/parking-lot-map\/","title":{"rendered":"Parking Lot Map"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Parking Lot Map<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>Explore how much land cities dedicate to parking in over 100 major cities included on the map below. Click the drop-down icon in the upper right corner to select a city and use the popup info card on the right to learn more about the city and its parking reform status. You can send feedback to <a href=\"mailto:thomascarpenito@parkingreform.org\">tony@parkingreform.org<\/a> <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If this map has been helpful to you, please <a href=\"https:\/\/parkingreform.org\/support\/\">support our work with a monthly donation<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/parkingreform.org\/parking-lot-map\/\" width=\"100%\" height=\"600\"><\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-uagb-blockquote uagb-block-466ae442 uagb-blockquote__skin-border uagb-blockquote__with-tweet uagb-blockquote__tweet-style-classic uagb-blockquote__tweet-icon_text uagb-blockquote__stack-img-none\"><blockquote class=\"uagb-blockquote\"><div class=\"uagb-blockquote__content\">\u201c The twin gods of Smooth Traffic and Ample Parking\u2014have turned our downtowns into places that are easy to get to but not worth arriving at.\u201d<\/div><footer><div class=\"uagb-blockquote__author-wrap uagb-blockquote__author-at-left\"><cite class=\"uagb-blockquote__author\">Jeff Speck<\/cite><\/div><a href=\"\/\" class=\"uagb-blockquote__tweet-button\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"><svg width=\"20\" height=\"20\" viewBox=\"0 0 512 512\"><path d=\"M459.37 151.716c.325 4.548.325 9.097.325 13.645 0 138.72-105.583 298.558-298.558 298.558-59.452 0-114.68-17.219-161.137-47.106 8.447.974 16.568 1.299 25.34 1.299 49.055 0 94.213-16.568 130.274-44.832-46.132-.975-84.792-31.188-98.112-72.772 6.498.974 12.995 1.624 19.818 1.624 9.421 0 18.843-1.3 27.614-3.573-48.081-9.747-84.143-51.98-84.143-102.985v-1.299c13.969 7.797 30.214 12.67 47.431 13.319-28.264-18.843-46.781-51.005-46.781-87.391 0-19.492 5.197-37.36 14.294-52.954 51.655 63.675 129.3 105.258 216.365 109.807-1.624-7.797-2.599-15.918-2.599-24.04 0-57.828 46.782-104.934 104.934-104.934 30.213 0 57.502 12.67 76.67 33.137 23.715-4.548 46.456-13.32 66.599-25.34-7.798 24.366-24.366 44.833-46.132 57.827 21.117-2.273 41.584-8.122 60.426-16.243-14.292 20.791-32.161 39.308-52.628 54.253z\"><\/path><\/svg>Tweet<\/a><\/footer><\/blockquote><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:12px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-content-justification-center is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-1 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link wp-element-button\" href=\"https:\/\/parkingreform.org\/open-parking-map-app\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><mark style=\"background-color:rgba(0, 0, 0, 0)\" class=\"has-inline-color has-ast-global-color-5-color\">Check out your own city here!<\/mark><\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:30px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Key Takeaways<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><strong>Public Transportation enables Urban Density:<\/strong> <\/strong> What makes a great city? For many, one key component is walkability, which is becoming increasingly scarce in the United States. Over the past century, cities have increasingly relied on cars for transportation, leading to the implementation of minimum parking requirements mandating that all new developments have abundant free parking. As a result, our cities became covered in a sea of parking spaces, parking lots, and parking structures. With all this parking, little land was left for anything else, making housing more expensive, less dense, and farther apart. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"757\" height=\"468\" seamless frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/e\/2PACX-1vTaztWKgnUUiFT9ZaqHqF4Ek812TOmqIX2rKUb4DM1J5Ro9-AnfMw-c_J5ZJRCvKXnhQ6xKeoAX2K4e\/pubchart?oid=2106184103&amp;format=interactive\"><\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Depicts all Core Cities with an Urbanized Area Population over <\/em> 1 Million<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Our research indicates that the percentage of land taken up by parking decreases as the percentage of individuals who opt for public transportation, walking, or biking as their primary commuting methods increases. Public transportation not only enables the utilization of urban space but also enhances its value. This revelation underscores a clear truth: to foster densely walkable cities, we must prioritize accessibility over excessive parking.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\t\t\t\t\n\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t.slider-info-3708.bafg-slider-info .bafg-slider-title {\n\t\t\t\t\t\tfont-size: 22px;\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t.slider-info-3708.bafg-slider-info .bafg-slider-description {\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t.slider-info-3708.bafg-slider-info .bafg_slider_readmore_button {\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\ttext-align: center;\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t\t.slider-info-3708.bafg-slider-info .bafg_slider_readmore_button:hover {\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t}\n\n\t<\/style>\n\t\n\t\t\t<div class=\"bafg-twentytwenty-container slider-3708  \"\n\t\t\t\tbafg-orientation=\"horizontal\" bafg-default-offset=\"0.5\"\n\t\t\t\tbafg-before-label=\"Before\"\n\t\t\t\tbafg-after-label=\"After\"\n\t\t\t\tbafg-overlay=\"1\"\n\t\t\t\tbafg-move-slider-on-hover=\"\"\n\t\t\t\tbafg-click-to-move=\"\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-skip-lazy\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/parkingreform.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Atlanta-1951-4.png?ssl=1\" alt=\"\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\">\n\t\t\t\t<img class=\"skip-lazy\" data-skip-lazy\t\t\t\t\tsrc=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/parkingreform.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/03\/Atlanta.jpg?ssl=1\" alt=\"\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\">\n\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"bafg-slider-info-wraper\">\n\t\t<div style=\"\" class=\"slider-info-3708 bafg-slider-info\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n\t\n\t\t\t<style type=\"text\/css\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/style>\n\t\t\t\n\n\n\n<p>The Effect of Parking Demand on Atlanta, GA<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Parking Lots are Opportunities for Growth: <\/strong>In the city centers of core cities with urbanized areas with over 500 thousand people, the median percentage of land dedicated solely to parking was <strong>26%<\/strong>. This parking is often clustered around main streets, office districts, and historical cores, creating a dead zone around the city\u2019s most valuable and walkable areas that limits residential and commercial growth. Cities with high parking have ample land that could be devoted to building walkable neighborhoods, vibrant parks, or office districts. Suppose all parking in all 102 city centers analyzed was converted to residential, at a density of 40,000 people per square mile. In that case, we could provide enough housing for over half a million people.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"684\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/parkingreform.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/adams-morgan-washington-dc-2.webp?resize=1024%2C684&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-5439\" style=\"width:722px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/parkingreform.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/adams-morgan-washington-dc-2.webp?resize=1024%2C684&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/parkingreform.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/adams-morgan-washington-dc-2.webp?resize=300%2C200&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/parkingreform.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/adams-morgan-washington-dc-2.webp?resize=768%2C513&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/parkingreform.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/adams-morgan-washington-dc-2.webp?resize=600%2C401&amp;ssl=1 600w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/parkingreform.org\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/01\/adams-morgan-washington-dc-2.webp?w=1240&amp;ssl=1 1240w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1000px) 100vw, 1000px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Adams Morgan in Washington, DC (Density: 40,000 People Per Square Mile)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:20px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<div style=\"height:33px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>Methodology<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What does \u201cParking Score\u201d mean?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Parking Score measures how a city\u2019s parking lot land use compares to other cities of a similar urbanized area population and city type. We separated all cities with an urbanized area population of over 500 thousand people into different population categories, as found below. The parking score for core cities was created by taking the difference between a city&#8217;s parking percentage and the median parking percentage of the ten urbanized areas closest in population to the urbanized area of the city being scored. The difference was then converted into a number between 1-100. Principal cities and suburbs were excluded from the parking score. This is because principal cities lack dominance in an urbanized area and can&#8217;t be compared efficiently with core cities. We also lack a sufficient sample size of principal cities and suburbs to provide an accurate score.<br><br>A low parking score means the city devotes much less land in its central area to parking than the median. Conversely, a high score translates to more land dedicated to parking compared to the median for a city in an urbanized area of that size. This scoring system was created to evaluate cities on an equal basis and should not be used outside of this context.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">City Categories<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-1 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Core City: <\/strong>These are the main or central cities within their respective Combined Statistical Areas (CSA). They often serve as economic, cultural, and administrative hubs. These cities are often the largest in their CSA, but not always. San Francisco has a smaller population than San Jose because of its small city borders but has a substantially larger employment base than San Jose. This is also true for Norfolk, VA. Examples of core cities include Albuquerque (NM), Atlanta (GA), Chicago (IL), Dallas (TX), Los Angeles (CA), and many others.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Principal City: <\/strong>These cities are typically located near a larger core city and have a significant relationship with it, often functioning as a supporting or complementary urban area. These cities lack regional dominance in their urbanized area in terms of population and employment. Examples include Long Beach (CA), New Haven (CT), and Fort Worth (TX). <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Suburbs: <\/strong>Suburban cities often lack a large established downtown and are often primarily residential in nature with a strong reliance on the core city. Examples include Arlington (TX), Aurora (CO), Henderson (NV), and others.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-ub-tabbed-content-block wp-block-ub-tabbed-content wp-block-ub-tabbed-content-holder wp-block-ub-tabbed-content-horizontal-holder-mobile wp-block-ub-tabbed-content-horizontal-holder-tablet\" id=\"ub-tabbed-content-f4df173a-2bd7-4e04-8e36-d95d3a4bfc6f\">\n                <div class=\"wp-block-ub-tabbed-content-tab-holder horizontal-tab-width-mobile horizontal-tab-width-tablet\">\n                    <div role=\"tablist\" class=\"wp-block-ub-tabbed-content-tabs-title wp-block-ub-tabbed-content-tabs-title-mobile-horizontal-tab wp-block-ub-tabbed-content-tabs-title-tablet-horizontal-tab\"><div role=\"tab\" id=\"ub-tabbed-content-f4df173a-2bd7-4e04-8e36-d95d3a4bfc6f-tab-0\" aria-controls=\"ub-tabbed-content-f4df173a-2bd7-4e04-8e36-d95d3a4bfc6f-panel-0\"\n            aria-selected=\"true\" class = \"wp-block-ub-tabbed-content-tab-title-wrap active\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n            <div class=\"wp-block-ub-tabbed-content-tab-title\">Parking Score<\/div><\/div><div role=\"tab\" id=\"ub-tabbed-content-f4df173a-2bd7-4e04-8e36-d95d3a4bfc6f-tab-1\" aria-controls=\"ub-tabbed-content-f4df173a-2bd7-4e04-8e36-d95d3a4bfc6f-panel-1\"\n            aria-selected=\"false\" class = \"wp-block-ub-tabbed-content-tab-title-wrap\" tabindex=\"-1\">\n            <div class=\"wp-block-ub-tabbed-content-tab-title\">Parking Percentage<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n                <div class=\"wp-block-ub-tabbed-content-tabs-content\"><div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"wp-block-ub-tabbed-content-tab-content-wrap active\"\n        id=\"ub-tabbed-content--panel-0\" aria-labelledby=\"ub-tabbed-content--tab-0\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"879\" height=\"1427\" seamless frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/e\/2PACX-1vTaztWKgnUUiFT9ZaqHqF4Ek812TOmqIX2rKUb4DM1J5Ro9-AnfMw-c_J5ZJRCvKXnhQ6xKeoAX2K4e\/pubchart?oid=1827683525&amp;format=interactive\"><\/iframe>\n\n<\/div><div role=\"tabpanel\" class=\"wp-block-ub-tabbed-content-tab-content-wrap ub-hide\"\n        id=\"ub-tabbed-content--panel-1\" aria-labelledby=\"ub-tabbed-content--tab-1\" tabindex=\"0\">\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" width=\"879\" height=\"1689\" seamless frameborder=\"0\" scrolling=\"yes\" src=\"https:\/\/docs.google.com\/spreadsheets\/d\/e\/2PACX-1vTaztWKgnUUiFT9ZaqHqF4Ek812TOmqIX2rKUb4DM1J5Ro9-AnfMw-c_J5ZJRCvKXnhQ6xKeoAX2K4e\/pubchart?oid=32331931&amp;format=interactive\"><\/iframe>\n\n<\/div><\/div>\n            <\/div>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How was &#8220;Percent of Central City Devoted to Parking&#8221; Calculated?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>We calculated the percentage of land used for parking in the \u201cCentral City\u201d by dividing the total parking area by the estimated developable land area. To do this, we used <a href=\"https:\/\/www.openstreetmap.org\/#map=16\/38.8993\/-77.0086\">OpenStreetMaps<\/a> to gather parking information in our focused &#8220;Central City&#8221; region, excluding underground and podium parking. The aim was to identify all land primarily meant for parking cars. For cities with limited mapping, we manually added parking lots using Google Maps satellite imagery, ensuring the data is as current as the latest Google Maps satellite images. We will update all parking lots periodically when new satellite photos become available.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To find the developable land area of a \u201cCentral City\u201d, we calculated 75% of the entire Central City boundary area, excluding 25% for roads and sidewalks. This provides an estimate of all usable land within the Central City boundary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What does \u201cCentral City\u201d mean?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8220;Central City&#8221; is a term invented for this map to encompass the densest, most centrally located, and most valuable real estate in a metropolitan area. &#8220;Central City&#8221; is a blanket term for a city&#8217;s highest-density zoning districts such as a Central Business District, Downtown, or Financial District.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>How did we create our boundaries?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Zoning districts were used to construct the Central City boundaries. The methodology link below details all combined Zoning districts used to create each Central City boundary.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>NOTE:<\/strong> On January 10th, 2024 we replaced all city center boundaries with their respective zoning boundaries to ensure that all parking lot maps are comparable and more accurate to the conditions of the city&#8217;s development pattern.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong><a href=\"https:\/\/parkingreform.org\/?page_id=3872\">Methodology for Central City Boundaries<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What is an Urbanized Area?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>An Urbanized Area is often considered a better indicator of a city&#8217;s true population compared to the metro population or city population because it provides a more comprehensive and realistic representation of the extent of urban development and population density. <br><br>A Metropolitan Statistical Area population is meant to account for the influence a city extends beyond its traditional city borders showing a more accurate population representation. This, however, is insufficient in accurately showing the sphere of influence because it simply uses the entire population of certain counties to determine a metro area&#8217;s population. This includes outlying towns and cities that are included in geographically large counties, often in the West. A city\u2019s urbanized area is a better indicator of the true population of a Core City by only counting the population of a contiguous set of <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Census_blocks\">census blocks<\/a> that are &#8220;densely developed residential, commercial, and other nonresidential areas\u201d. Urban areas consist of a densely-settled urban core, plus surrounding developed areas that meet certain density criteria. In short, where the development of a city stops, its urbanized population stops. See below the differences between the varying ways of measuring a city&#8217;s population.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" src=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/maps\/d\/embed?mid=1dzscNtNQkvlMnFJo40DQDU7A711-52w&#038;ehbc=2E312F\" width=\"840\" height=\"480\"><\/iframe>\n\n\n\n<p>St. Louis Metro Area (Orange), St. Louis Urbanized Area (Yellow), and St. Louis City Boundaries (Red)<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>What parking did we map?<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Surface Parking: <\/strong>Surface lots were only mapped if there was a verifiable presence of use. To determine this satellite imagery and Google Street View\u2122 were used. For the most part, only surface lots that were paved and displayed painted lines indicating a parking spot were mapped. If a surface lot was unpaved or lacked lines, Google Street View\u2122 was used to verify the continued presence of vehicle parking in the location. Vehicle parking was defined as only passenger vehicles, all large commercial vehicle parking and tractor-trailers were omitted.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Above Ground Garages: <\/strong>Garages were only mapped if the primary use for the structure was parking passenger vehicles. Garages with ground floor retail with two or more stories of parking were mapped because a majority of the structure is parking. If a garage has ground floor retail with roof parking or one story of parking it was omitted because the structure&#8217;s primary use can not be verified. In all structures where a parking structure has offices, retail, or apartments on top, i.e. podium parking, the structure was omitted.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Underground Garages: <\/strong>All underground parking was omitted.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>On-Street Parking: <\/strong>All On-Street Parking was omitted.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Parking Lot Map Explore how much land cities dedicate to parking in over 100 major cities included on the map below. Click the drop-down icon in the upper right corner to select a city and use the popup info card on the right to learn more about the city and its parking reform status. You [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1121,"featured_media":3923,"parent":2553,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_uag_custom_page_level_css":"","ub_ctt_via":"","site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"disabled","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"disabled","footer-sml-layout":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"set","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-4)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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